What can happen to children whose deviance is detected and punished?

The choice that states children may develop lasting negative labels that affect their identity is based on a concept known as labeling theory. This theory posits that when individuals are labeled as deviant or delinquent, society’s response to them can reinforce their deviant behavior and identity.

When a child's deviance is detected and punished, they may be branded with a negative label, such as "troublemaker" or "delinquent." Such labels can alter the way they view themselves and how others perceive them, leading to an internalization of that label. This can result in stigmatization, decreased self-esteem, and an increased likelihood of future deviant behavior. In essence, rather than serving as a deterrent, societal reactions can solidify the deviant identity and perpetuate a cycle of delinquency.

In contrast to the other options, which do not accurately reflect the complex sociopsychological dynamics at play, this answer acknowledges the fundamental impact of societal labeling on a child's development and future behavior.