In strain theory, what motivates individuals to commit crimes?

Strain theory, developed by sociologist Robert K. Merton, posits that individuals may turn to criminal behavior when they experience a disjunction between societal goals and the means available to achieve those goals. When people encounter obstacles that prevent them from accessing opportunities for success, they may resort to criminal activities as an alternative method for fulfilling these goals. This theory emphasizes the pressure that societal expectations place on individuals, particularly when they lack the resources or legitimate avenues to achieve wealth, status, or other sought-after outcomes. Consequently, the motivation to commit crimes stems from the frustration and strain caused by the inability to attain these goals through conventional means, leading individuals to seek out illegitimate pathways.

This perspective is distinct from the other options, as factors like peer influence, family dynamics, or a general rebellious attitude are not central to the core premise of strain theory. Rather, the focus is on the relationship between societal expectations and individuals' perceived lack of legitimate means to fulfill them.